欧冠决赛本泽马的进球无效判罚有争议吗?权威解读IFAB越位规则
E说足球 2022-05-30 07:27:10 E说足球

在北京时间5月29日结束的欧冠决赛中,本泽马第43分钟持球突入禁区直面守门员,门前混战中,夹在倒数第一名和倒数第二名防守队员之间的本泽马从利物浦球员脚下获得对方防守队员蹭出的球,并顺势打门,球贴地入网。

越位位置从防守队员救球行为中获利

此时裁判进行了视频回放长达近2分钟并最终确认本泽马越位,进球无效。此判罚引起了大量球迷包括不少职业球员和知名媒体人质疑,认为这是一个误判,理由是球不是皇马球员传出来的,是从利物浦球员脚下捅出来以后本泽马接球射门的,所以进球有效。不少自媒体平台尤其是视频平台,更是铺天盖地的报道,皇家马德里被裁判针对,被欧足联针对。究竟此球是不是误判,答案是毫无疑问的,绝对不是误判,裁判的判罚100%准确。

一个越位球为什么会引起如此巨大的争议?其实问题的根源在于对新修订的国际足球协会理事会(IFAB)的越位规则不熟悉,或者对国际足球协会的规章制度的翻译不准确,不完整,造成片面解读或理解偏差。为解决这一问题,今天我们专门引用IFAB关于“越位”的英文原文来诠释完整的越位定义。

根据2020年6月1日开始执行的IFAB的足球比赛规章‘Laws of the Game 2020/2021',其中对于越位的完整定义如下:

1. Offside position(越位位置)

It is not an offence to be in an offside position.(仅仅处在越位位置并不构成犯规)

A player is in an offside position if:(如涉及以下情况,则球员处于越位位置)

• any part of the head, body or feet is in the opponents’ half (excluding the

halfway line) and(球员的包括头、身体、脚等身体部位在对方半场(不包括半场中圈线)以及)

• any part of the head, body or feet is nearer to the opponents’ goal line than

both the ball and the second-last opponent.(包括头、身体、或者脚的任何部位比球和倒数第二名防守队员更接近球门线)

• The hands and arms of all players, including the goalkeepers, are not

considered.(任何球员包括守门员的手和胳膊不在考虑范围)

A player is not in an offside position if level with the:(如有以下情况则不在越位位置)

• second-last opponent or(与倒数第二名防守队员平行)

• last two opponents(与最后两名防守队员平行)

2. Offside offence(越位犯规)

A player in an offside position at the moment the ball is played or touched by a team-mate is only penalised on becoming involved in active play by(在队友触球或者传接球时,处于越位位置的球员只有在以下情况下事实上参与进攻时,才会判罚犯规):

• interfering with play by playing or touching a ball passed or touched by

a team-mate or(参与到队友的传接球活动中,或者)

• interfering with an opponent by:(干扰防守队员)

• preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent’s line of vision or(有效阻挡了防守队员视线,导致对方比赛行为受干扰)

• challenging an opponent for the ball or(干扰防守队员持球)

备注:The first point of contact of the ‘play’ or ‘touch’ of the ball should be used(备注:以上传接球或触球应该指第一瞬间)

•clearly attempting to play a ball which is close when this action impacts on an opponent or(有明显的触球意图,对防守队员造成干扰)

• making an obvious action which clearly impacts on the ability of an opponent to play the ball or(有明显的行为动作影响防守队员触球,或者)

• gaining an advantage by playing the ball or interfering with an opponent when it has(有以下情况,通过持球或者干扰防守方,构成进攻获利):

• rebounded or been deflected off the goalpost, crossbar, match official or

an opponent(从门柱、横梁、裁判、防守队员身上反弹球)

• been deliberately saved by any opponent(防守队员有意的救球行为)

A player in an offside position receiving the ball from an opponent who deliberately plays the ball, including by deliberate handball, is not considered to have gained an advantage, unless it was a deliberate save by any opponent.(越位位置的球员从防守队员有意地传接球行为,包括故意手球中获得球权,不被视为获利,除非是防守队员的有意救球行为。)

A ‘save’ is when a player stops, or attempts to stop, a ball which is going into or

very close to the goal with any part of the body except the hands/arms (unless

the goalkeeper within the pen>3. No offence(以下三种情况没有越位)

There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from(如果进攻方直接从以下情况接球,不构成越位):

• a goal kick(球门球)

• a throw-in(界外球)

• a corner kick(角球)

4.结论

通过对定义的全面解析,很显然,本泽马的进球触发了上述第2条款中的关于“越位位置的球员从防守队员有意的救球行为(delibrately save)中获利”,所以裁判最终判罚了进球无效。

我们从经验中往往认为,只要球是从对方球员脚下获得的,就不构成越位,其实是对上述不构成越位获利条款中的“如果越位位置球员从防守队员有意传接球(delibrately pass),或者从防守队员手球中获得球权,不被视为越位获利”中的“有意传接球(delibrately pass)”,和上述越位获利条款中的“有意救球(delibrately save)”的理解不完整,有偏差。

两者的区别在于,“有意传接球(delibrately pass)”不是以阻止进球(close to the goal)为目的,而“有意救球(delibrately save)”是以阻止对方进球为目的。前者是对防守方失误的惩罚,后者是对越位位置球员干扰防守方的惩罚。

5.问答

需要特别指出的是,现实生活中我们往往只关注了越位规则中的“第二名防守队员”,却往往忽略了构成越位的另外一个重要因素“球”,越位规则中明确指出,必须是同时比“球”和“第二名防守队员”两者都更接近球门线,才构成处在越位位置。

比如最典型的情况是,两名进攻队员过掉了倒数第二名防守队员之前的所有人,面前无人或者只剩下一名防守队员(比如多数情况下是守门员),此时两名进攻队员是否可以互相传球呢?答案是可以的,但是怎样传不越位,怎样传又会构成越位呢?答案留给球迷朋友们!

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Jack1027

Jack1027 2022-05-30

215

zan
争议的点就在他是挡还是踢[捂脸]
欢乐華6899

欢乐華6899 2022-05-30

214

zan
感谢分享,裁判判罚没问题。[握手][握手][握手]
甜甜的时候

甜甜的时候 2022-05-30

131

zan
33
Greg20

Greg20 2022-05-30

54

zan
A ‘save’ is when a player stops, or attempts to stop, a ball which is going into or very close to the goal with any part of the body except the hands/arms (unless the goalkeeper within the penalty area)。按括号里的话,deliberate save成立吗?法比尼奥触球前,上一个碰到球的是科纳泰,ball w
激情的毕业季885

激情的毕业季885 2022-05-30

180

zan
11
猫猫拳

猫猫拳 2022-05-30

166

zan
22
青青子衿al57

青青子衿al57 2022-05-30

85

zan
11
脚踏棺材看日落

脚踏棺材看日落 2022-05-30

228

zan
就是个彻头彻尾的误判
主任坏的很

主任坏的很 2022-05-30

123

zan
这球射门之后 被利物浦挡出 弹在本泽马脚下 不越位
窗外红叶925

窗外红叶925 2022-05-30

78

zan
这个用这么复杂的讨论,中场传球时笨马就越位了。
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